Archive for February, 2007
February 26, 2007
Our friends at the Natural Resources Defense Council had a banner weekend raising public awareness about global warming and transforming that concern into action to cut CO2 emissions. Most of the popular attention focused on the Academy Awards ceremony in Hollywood, where Al Gore’s Inconvenient Truth garnered two Oscars–and where NRDC helped to make a “green” Oscar ceremony. The big news on Wall Street, however, was that the NRDC and Environmental Defense helped to set the terms for a private buyout of a Texas power company that includes scrapping plans to build eight new coal-powered plants. At $45 billion, the buyout would be the largest private equity deal in history.
Since global warming is a problem largely created by the rich countries that will hurt poor people in developing countries first and worst, Hollywood’s attention to gloal warming and fresh evidence that public opinion is already changing corporate policies towards climate change are both welcome news for the developing world.
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February 20, 2007
While most of us were taking a holiday yesterday, Molly Kinder, who previously worked as a program coordinator at CGD on Millions Saved, and is now a graduate student at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, sent the following reflections on Presidents’ Day.
Yesterday the United States celebrated Presidents’ Day, a holiday which rarely gives reason to pause, beyond perhaps the gratitude for a long weekend. This year, however, I did a double take. The image that Presidents’ Day has long evoked in my head — George Washington, Abe Lincoln, Ronald Reagan — has recently undergone a makeover and now has a striking new feature: her gender.
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February 16, 2007
Legislators who hold key environmental posts from 13 of the world’s largest industrialized and developing countries urged their countries’ leaders to agree at the upcoming G8 summit in Germany to work together to cut CO2 emissions that threaten catastrophic climate change. Christopher Connell, who has been covering the two-day Legislative Forum on Climate Change for CGD’s Views from the Center blog, filed his third and final report:
Consensus Statement from G8+5 Legislators on Climate Change
The lawmakers brought to Washington by GLOBE International – a nonprofit group seeking to rally international parliamentary support for strong measures to combat climate change – unanimously endorsed a consensus statement (PDF) exhorting global leaders to set a goal of stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide at between 450 million and 550 million parts per million.
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February 14, 2007
Christopher Connell, has sent a second report on today’s Legislative Forum on Climate Change in the U.S. Capitol. There is clearly a long and difficult road ahead, but his story does a nice job in capturing the optimism that there is a growing consensus on two critical points: First, global warming is indeed a serious problem for all countries, rich and poor. Second, action is possible. The appeal from China and India for greater access to technology and funds to help contain their greenhouse gas emissions is especially interesting–more rapid technology diffusion and financial assistance to developing countries strikes me as an important part of a global grand bargain to be struck on climate change.
Chris’s report:
The Weather Outside Was Frightful, But Inside the Senate Caucus Room
The Outlook Was Bright at the International Forum on Global Warming
With the U.S. capital suddenly gripped by winter’s snow and ice, it seemed the elements were out of sync Wednesday for a gathering of lawmakers from around the world to map strategy for combating global warming. But in other respects, both the setting – the august, Beaux Arts Senate Caucus Room with its white marble Corinthian pilasters and gold leaf filigrees on the ceiling – and the sentiments were far brighter and rosier than anyone could have predicted a few months ago at such a forum in Washington, D.C.
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February 14, 2007
On Capitol Hill today an unusual dialogue took place involving U.S. senators and congressmen and more than 80 visiting lawmakers and officials from a score of the world’s largest energy consuming nations. The two-day Legislative Forum on Climate Change comes at a time when there is growing domestic and international pressure for the U.S., the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, to take an active role in addressing a problem that has been largely created by the high-income industrialized countries but will place a heavy burden on poor people in the developing world.
Becasue of the crucial importance of U.S. climate policy on developing countries, I asked Christopher Connell, a former AP reporter, to cover the Forum for Views from the Center. Chris filed the following report:
Three senators pushing for U.S. action to combat global warming assured an unusual gathering of international lawmakers on Capitol Hill Wednesday that the political tides are turning and bipartisan support growing for support of action on the problem threatening the world’s economy as well as its environment.
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February 12, 2007
There is no public document that is more revealing of a government’s priorities than its budget. In Washington-speak, it’s where the rubber hits the road.
So what does the President’s 2008 budget for foreign aid tell us about the administration’s priorities abroad? Based on data available on the Department of State website, which countries and programs are the winners and losers in the 2008 foreign aid lottery?
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February 8, 2007
I’m here in Liberia observing a post-conflict situation through a development lens. I’m struck by several aspects of the complex task of rebuilding after 14 years of civil war.
First, the trauma brought a more complete collapse than the notion of a “war” between two parties suggests. Unlike in the sectarian conflict of the kind suffered in former Yugoslavia and feared in Iraq – where the lines seem clearly drawn across a few ethnic groups — Liberian civilians — all of them but especially women and children — were vulnerable for years to rounds of marauding, looting, pillage and rape. See CGD non-resident fellow Jeremy Weinstein’s recent book, Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence, to understand how different initial conditions generate different levels of destruction in what we call civil wars.
No doubt there are good published studies by serious students of pre-war Liberia that illuminate the roots of the trauma here. But an initial reading of dozens of official donor documents reveals surprisingly little attention to these deep-seated issues. There are vague allusions to inter-generational land conflicts, to the risk of renewed ethnic tensions, and to the troubles in neighboring Guinea re-igniting a regional war with shifting eruptions in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. Even the International Crisis Group, the most detailed source, says little about the sources of inter-ethnic conflict and the relative social positions of various ethnic groups.
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February 5, 2007
While all the figures are not yet available, it appears that the budget for foreign assistance is proposed to rise in 2008 by approximately $4 billion, not counting funding for reconstruction in Iraq or Afghanistan.
The major beneficiaries of this increase are HIV/AIDS funding, set to increase from $1.8 billion estimated for 2007 to $4.5 billion in 2008. The Millennium Challenge Account is also proposed to increase by nearly $900 million to reach $3 billion in FY 08.
Smaller increases are projected for the Economic Support Fund (from $2.6 billion in FY 07 to $3.3 billion in FY 08), and for U.S. contributions to international financial institutions (up by $400 million), reflecting the increased U.S. contribution to International Development Association (IDA) as part of the new replenishment.
Decreases are projected for Development Assistance (down by $450 million), and for aid to the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (down by $75 million).
These changes are not broken down by country so it is difficult to know who is losing and who is winning. But some trends are clear:
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February 2, 2007
You’ve probably heard of UNDP, the U.N. Development Programme, because it publishes the Human Development Report each year, which includes the influential Human Development Index. You must recognize the name UNICEF (the U.N. Children’s Fund), and you might know about the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and WHO (the World Health Organization). But can you tell me what ILO, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNODC, and UNV are? All these acronyms represent U.N. agencies that deliver aid in Vietnam, each with its own budget, staff, and offices. (Though when I lived there, some shared buildings.) The same agencies operate in parallel in many other countries too, often with overlapping mandates and independent projects.
The Associated Press quoted UNDP Administrator Kemal Dervis on this inefficiency last week:
“In the business of public policy and foreign aid, excessive competition is actually very inefficient by encouraging the proliferation of small projects … and actually hurts the effectiveness of these resources,” Dervis said, citing a recent analysis by the Center for Global Development, an independent think tank.
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February 2, 2007
Today the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the first part of its long-awaited Fourth Assessment Report. This is a major event, because the Report strengthens the scientific consensus about the threat from global warming if we don’t curb greenhouse gas emissions. The Report projects sea-level rise of 0.2 – 0.6 meters by 2100 but, citing uncertainty in the scientific literature, it simply excludes the possibility of future rapid changes in the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. This conservative posture reflects the IPCC’s insistence on scientific consensus. However, according to press accounts from the IPCC’s Paris meetings, the experts continued arguing about Greenland and West Antarctica until their publication deadline arrived. In the case of Greenland, at least, no one believes that its ice cap will survive sustained temperatures in the range that the IPCC projects. Ultimately it will disappear, adding 7 meters to sea level. The argument is about timing, not results: No one expects complete disintegration in the 21st century, but there are worrisome signs that the process has begun. Eventual disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet remains controversial; if it happens, it will add another 7 meters to sea level.
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February 2, 2007
Members of the development community were pleasantly surprised when they opened their email box on Wednesday. After a year of voluble criticism from development advocates, U.S. Director of Foreign Assistance and USAID Administrator Randall Tobias had finally inserted the magic word “poverty” into the Bush Administration’s core objective for foreign aid. According to the revised Strategic Framework for Foreign Assistance (pdf), the central goal of the “transformational diplomacy” has been altered to read:
To help build and sustain democratic, well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system.
Ambassador Tobias explained the rationale in the following note to the aid community, which asserts that poverty reduction was implied from the outset:
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