Some of the documents linked to below are available for free. These include books from Google Books on which I have run Adobe Acrobat’s Optical Character Recognition (OCR) command, which converts graphical page images to text and makes them easier to search. Other
links are to non-CGD sites that offer partial access or charge a fee. Some documents are not hotlinked at all. For journal articles published between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, I have obtained copyrighted scans of articles not under copyright, which I cannot share. However, if someone manually copied such articles at a library and scans them, I could share those images without problem.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, 1910–11. Entries extracted from Tim Starling’s Wikisource page:

Building Societies

Charity and Charities

Friendly Societies

Savings Banks

Encyclopedia Americana, 1918

Banks and Banking

New York Times

Co-operation in Germany, April 28, 1869.

City Employes Lead Borrowers, July 19, 1915.

National City Bank to Lend on Salaries, May 4, 1928.

500 Workers Seek City Bank’s Loans, May 5, 1928.

“Eranos,” Max Cary et al., eds. 1950. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press: 336.

“Priscilla Wakefield,” Literary Encyclopedia.

“Priscilla Wakefield,” Dictionary of National Biography, 1899.

 Universal Sav. Corp. v. Morris Plan Co. of New York et al., The Federal Reporter 234. September–October 1916.

Decision in Stein v. Morris case.

Bentham, Jeremy. 1787. Defence of Usury.

Bentham. 1797. Outline of a Work Entitled Pauper Management Improved. Annals of Agriculture 29(167). In Jeremy Bentham. 1843. The
Works of Jeremy Bentham. Vol. VIII. Edinburgh: William Tait. pp.407ff.

Berkley, George E. 1998. The Filenes. Boston: Branden Publishing Co.

Contains an account of Edward Filene’s encounter with group credit in Bengal.

Brabrook, E.W. 1898. Provident Societies and Industrial Welfare. London: Blackie & Son.

Burdon, Rowland. 1798. Extract from an account of a friendly society at Castle-Eden, in the county of Durham. Reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor, Vol. 1.

Carruthers, Bruce, Timothy Guinnane, and Yoonseok Lee. 2007. The Passage of the Uniform Small Loan Law. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. New York. Aug 11.

Chambers, William. 1830. The Book of Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland: Robert Buchanan and William Hunter.

Cleveland, Harold van B., and Thomas F. Huertas. 1985. Citibank, 1812–1970. Harvard University Press.

Chapter 7 tells of Citi’s entry into the small loan business in New York.

Cohen, Edward E. 1992. Athenian Economy and Society: A Banking Perspective. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

              Discusses eranos loans starting on page 207.

Cohen, Edward. 1992. Review of Millett, Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens. Bryn Mawr Classical Review.

Defoe, Daniel. 1697. An Essay upon Projects.

Dexter, Seymour. 1888, Co-operative Building and Loan Associations in the State of New York. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 139–48.

Dexter, Seymour. 1900. A Treatise on Co-operative Savings and Loan Associations. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

Dichter, Thomas. 2007. A Second Look at Microfinance: The Sequence of Growth and Credit in Economic History. Development Briefing Paper 1. Washington, DC: Cato Institute.

Dillon, Malcom. 1889. The History and Development of Banking in Ireland. London: Effingham Wilson & Co.

Douie, J.M. 1919. Review of Henry W. Wolff, Co-operation in India. Economic Journal 29(115): 343–45.

Parish or Savings Banks, Edinburgh Review, June–October 1815: 135–46.

Filene, Edward. 1907. The Trip Book of 1907. Courtesy of the Filene Research Institute.

Fisher, Clyde Olin. 1929. Review of The Morris Plan of Industrial Banking. American Economic Review 19(3): 497–500.

Gardner, Charles T. Review of Herbert A. Giles, Chinese Sketches (London: Trübner & Co., 1876). In The China Review.

Page 378 refers to loan societies among Chinese merchants.

Ghosh, Hemantakumar H. 1914, Theory of Co-operative Credit. Calcutta: R. Cambray & Co. Copied at the Library of Congress. Those dots are real bookworm holes!

Gilbart, James William. 1836, The History of Banking in Ireland. London: Longman. Rees, Orme. Brown, Green & Longman.

Discusses Irish loan funds starting on page 16.

Gourlay, William R. 1906. Co-operative Credit in Bengal. Indian Journal of Agriculture 1, no. 3: 216–19.

Graydon, Robert. 1800. Remarks on the Benevolent Loans. Reports of the Society in Dublin for Promoting the Comforts of the Poor, Vol. 1 (1800): 99–104.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 1994. A Failed Institutional Transplant: Raiffeisen’s Credit Cooperatives in Ireland, 1894–1914. Explorations in Economic History 31: 38–61.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 1997. Regional Organizations in the German Cooperative Banking System in the Late 19th Century. Research in Economics 51: 251–74.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 2001. Cooperatives as Information Machines: German Rural Credit Cooperatives, 1883–1914. Journal of Economic History 61(2): 366–89.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 2001. A “Friend and Advisor”: Management, Auditors, And Confidence In Germany’s Credit Cooperatives, 1889–1914. Discussion Paper 824. Economic Growth Center. Yale University. New Haven, CT.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 2002. Delegated Monitors, Large and Small Germany’s Banking System, 1800–1914. Journal of Economic Literature
40(1): 73–124.

Guinnane, Timothy W. 2005. Trust: A Concept Too Many. Discussion Paper 907. Economic Growth Center. Yale University. New Haven, CT.

Hancock, Neilson. 1855. On the present state of the savings’ bank question. Dublin Statistical Society 1 (2): 58–62.

Herrick, Myron T. 1914. Rural Credits: Land and Coöperative. New York and London: D. Appleton and Company.

Hill, Robert T. 1888. Notes on Provident Institutions in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Texas. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 152–57.

Hollis, Aidan. 2002. Women and Microcredit in History: Gender in the Irish Loan Funds. In Gail Campbell, Beverly Lemire, and Ruth Pearson, eds., Women and Credit: Researching the Past, Refiguring the Future. Oxford: Berg Press: 73–89.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 1996. The Evolution of a Microcredit Institution: The Irish Loan Funds, 1720–1920

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 1997. Complementarity, Competition and Institutional Development: The Irish Loan Funds through Three Centuries.

Hollis, Aidan,and Arthur Sweetman. 1998. Microcredit in Pre-famine Ireland. Explorations in Economic History 35(4): 347–80.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 1999. Higher Tier Agency Problems in Financial Intermediation: Theory and Evidence from the Irish Loan Funds.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 1998. Microcredit: What Can we Learn from the Past? World Development 26(10): 1875–91.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 2001. The Life-cycle of a Microfinance Institution: The Irish Loan Funds. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 46: 291–311.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 2004. Microfinance and Famine: The Irish Loan Funds during the Great Famine. World Development 32(9): 1509–23.

Hollis, Aidan, and Arthur Sweetman. 2007. The Role of Local Depositors in Controlling Expenses in Small-Scale Financial Intermediation: An Empirical Analysis. Economica 74: 713–35.

Homans, Sheppard. 1870. Life Insurance. Journal of Social Science 2: 159–66.

Horne, H. Oliver. 1947. A History of Savings Banks. London: Oxford University Press.

Hume, John. 2005. Credit Union: An International Model of Social Inclusion. Bert Mullen Inaugural Lecture. Glasgow University. October 20. In IRU Courier, April 2006

James, Goodwin. 1948. Charity Endowments as Sources of Local Credit in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England. Journal of Economic History 8(2): 153–70.

Jenks, J.W. 1888. Report on Savings Banks and Building Associations of Illinois. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 125–41.

Johnson, Samuel. 1781. The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets. Vol. III. London.

Page 436 makes jibes at Jonathan Swift’s charitable lending.

Jordan, Wilbur K. 1959. Philanthropy in England, 1480–1660: A Study of the Changing Pattern of English Social Aspirations. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Jordan, Wilbur K. 1962. The Charities of Rural England, 1480–1660: The Aspirations and the Achievements of the Rural Society. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Keyes, Emerson W. 1876. A History of Savings Banks in the United States from their Inception in 1816 down to 1874. Vol. I and Vol. II. New York: Bradford Rhodes.

V Lateran Council. 1515. On the reform of credit organisations.

A papal opinion on the justness of charging interest to cover costs.

Lawson, William John. 1850. The History of Banking. London: Richard Bentley.

               Pages 409, 420–21, 512–14 discuss the Scottish cash credit system.

1888. Life Insurance. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 158–64.

Malthus, Thomas. 1809 [1807]. An Essay on the Principle of Population, vol. II, 3^rd ed. Washington, DC: Roger Chew Weightman.

Page 474 advocates savings banks.

Menning, Carol Bresnahan. 1993. Charity and State in Late Renaissance Italy: The Monte di Pietà of Florence. New York: Cornell University Press.

Millett, Paul. 1989, Patronage and its Avoidance in Classical Athens. In Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, ed. Patronage in Ancient Society. Routledge.

Millett, Paul. 2002. Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens. Cambridge University Press.

Register of Arthur J. Morris papers at the Library of Congress.

O’Brien, Goerge. 1921. The Economic History of Ireland from the Union to the Famine. New York: Longman, Green and Co.

A discussion of the Irish loan funds begins on page 546.

Persons, Frank W., et al. 1931, The Small Loan Business [proceedings of a panel discussion]. American Economic Review 21(1). Papers and Proceedings: 11–26.

Phillips, Ronnie J., and David Mushinski. 2001. The Role of Morris Plan Lending Institutions in Expanding Consumer Micro-Credit in the United States. Working Paper. Colorado State University.

Piesse, Charles. 1841. Sketch of the Loan Fund System in Ireland. Dublin.

Pollux, Julius. 2^nd century AD. Onomasticon.

           Section 8 144 (page 356) defines “eranos.” Translation by William Berg.

Quarterly Review, October 1817.

           Article VI, starting page 89, reviews eight “tracts on savings banks.”

Reade, Philip. 1844. Whig and Tory Remedies for Irish Evils. Dublin: Grant and Bolton.

Robinson, Louis N. 1931. The Morris Plan. American Economic Review 21(2): 222–35.

Sanborn, F.B. 1888. Co-operative Building Associations. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 112–26.

Saulner, Raymond J. 1940. Industrial Banking Companies and Their Credit Practices. Studies in Consumer Instalment Financing 4. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Scott, Walter. 1826. Memoirs of Jonathan Swift, D.D. Vol. II. Paris: A. and W. Galignani.

Pages 175–76 describe Swift’s lending and offer some anecdotes I’ve seen nowhere else.

Seibel, Hans Dieter. 2003. History matters in Microfinance. Small Enterprise Development 14(2): 10–12

Seibel, Hans Dieter. 2005. Does History Matter? The Old and the New World of Microfinance in Europe and Asia. Presented at “From Moneylenders to Microfinance: Southeast Asia’s Credit Revolution in Institutional, Economic and Cultural Perspective.” Asia Research Institute. National University of Singapore. October 7–8.

Sheridan, Thomas. 1787. The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin. 2^nd ed. London.

  Describes Swift’s lending on pages 234 and 415. Defends it against Johnson’s attacks starting page 456.

Shuldham, W.L. 1834. Remarks on the Small Loan-Fund System, Addressed to the Duke of Wellington. London: John W. Parker.

  Appears to have been written during Wellington’s first stint as Prime Minister.

Southard, C.F. 1888. The Dangerous Side of Building Associations. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 149–51.

Spooner, Lysander. 1846. Poverty: Its Illegal Causes and Legal Cure. Boston: Bela Marsh.

Steinwand, Dirk. 2001. The Alchemy of Microfinance: The Evolution of the Indonesian People’s Credit Banks (BPR) from 1895 to 1999 and a Contemporary Analysis. Berlin: Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Forschung.

Thatcher, W.S. 1928. Review of Henry W. Wolff, Co-operation in India, 2nd ed. Economic Journal 38(150): 311–13.

Thiry, J.H. 1888. The Early History of School Savings Banks in the United States. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 165–77.

Tilly, Richard. 1994. A Short History of the German Banking System. In Handbook on the History of European Banks, ed. Manfred Pohl and Sabine Freitag. London: Edward Elgar.

Toaff, Ariel. 2004. Jews, Franciscans, and the First Monti di Pietà in Italy (1462–1500). In Steven J. McMichael and Susan E. Myers, eds., Friars and Jews in the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

Townsend, John P. 1878. Savings Banks. Journal of Social Science 9: 44–66.

Townsend, John P. 1888. Savings Banks in the United States. Journal of Social Science 25 (December): 100–11.

Tucker, Donald S. 1922. The Evolution of People’s Banks. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.

Turnell, Sean. 2005. The Rise and Fall of Cooperative Credit in Colonial Burma. Research Paper 0509. North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia: Department of Economics, Macquarie University.

Turnell, Sean. 2008. Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

Villard, Henry. 1869. People’s Banks of Germany. Journal of Social Science 1: 127–36.

Visser, Wayne A.M., and Alastair McIntosh. 1998. A Short Review of the Historical Critique of Usury. Accounting, Business & Financial History 8(2): 175–89.

Wakefield, Priscilla. 1801. Extract from an Account of a Female Benefit Club, at Tottenham. Reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor. Vol 3: 143–46.

Wakefield, Priscilla. 1805. Extract from an account of a Charitable Bank at Tottenham for the Savings of the Poor. Reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor. Vol 4: 206–10.

Wolff, Henry W. 1896. People’s Banks: A Record of Social and Economic Success. 2^nd ed. London: P.S. King & Son.

Wolff, Henry W. 1907. Co-operative Banking: Its Principles and Practice. London: P.S. King & Son.

Wolff, Henry W. 1927. Co-operation in India. London: W. Thacker and Company.